英语试题
第一部分：听力（共三节，满分30分）
做听力部分时，请先在试题卷上作答。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将第1至第17小题的答案转涂到答题卡上，将第18至第20小题的答案转写到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Howmuchistheshirt?
A.£19.15 B.£9.15 C.£9.18
答案是B。
1．Whatdoesthemanmean?
A.Itwilltakeaboutonemonthtorepairthewatch.
B.Itcoststoomuchtohavethewatchrepaired.
C.Thewatchisnolongerworthrepairing【C】
2．Whenwilltheygettherefortheplay?
A.9:00. B.10:00. C.10:30.【B】
3．Whycan’tthemanconcentrateonhisstudy?
A.Hekeepsthinkingofgoingtothemovies.
B.Hisclassmatesaretakingabreak.
C.He’sbeenstudyingfortoolong.【C】
4．Whatisthemangoingtodo?
A.GototheChineserestaurant.
B.Watchthefootballgame.
C.Visitafrienddowntown.【A】
5．WhatdoyouknowaboutFrank?
A.HewillarriveinChicagothismorning.
B.HewillsendMs.Tylerane-mail.
C.HewillcallMs.Tylerhimself.【B】
第二节（共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分）
听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6．Whichpartoftheman’sbodyhurts?
A.Anarm. B.Aneye. C.Anear.【C】
7．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?
A.Gotohospitalatonce.
B.Stayawayfromtheswimmingpool.
C.Getsomemedicinefromthedrugstore.【B】
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
.8．Whatdoyouknowaboutthewoman?
A.Shedoesn’tbelievetheman’sexcuse.
B.She’sbeenwaitingfartoolong.
C.She’sreallyangrywiththeman.【C】
9．Whatdoesthemanmean?
A.Hegotthereinonlyfiveminutes.
B.Hehasagoodreasonforbeinglate.
C.Heisusedtowaitingforthewoman.【B】
10．Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?
A.Buythetickets. B.Buyherawallet. C.Gobackforherwallet.
【A】
听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。
11．Whoisthewomantalkingto?
A.Ahotelclerk. B.Ahotelmanager. C.Apoliceman.【A】
12. Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?
A.Inthemanager’soffice.
B.Intheroomoftheguest.
C.Atthepolicestation.【B】
13.Whatdoyouknowaboutthewoman?
A.Shecannotfindhernecklace.
B.Sheputhernecklaceinthebed.
C.Sheisnotsatisfiedwiththeroom.【A】
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。
14.Whyisthewomanaskingforleave?
A.SheplanstogototheUKwithherparents.
B.Shehastotakecareofherparentsathome.
C.Shewantstospendsometimewithherparents.【C】
15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman?
A.HeknowsalotaboutChineseculture.
B.Hedoesn’twantthewomantotakeanytimeoffatfirst.
C.Heconsiderslanguageabigproblemforforeignvisitors.【B】
16. Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoman?
A.Sheisastudent. B.Sheisateacher. C.Sheisatourist.【A】
17.Whatagreementdothetwospeakersreachattheendoftheconversation?
A.Thewomancantaketwodaysoff.
B.Thewomanneedstodosomeextrawork
.C.Thewomanshouldbuysometravellingmaterials.【A】
第三节（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）
听下面一段材料，将第18至第20三个小题的信息补充完整，每小题不超过3个单词。听材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出15秒钟的作答时间。本段材料读两遍。
Doingexerciseandkeepingfit
Ⅰ.Theimportanceofexercise
A18lazylifecanleadtomanyhealthproblems.
Ⅱ.Howtopreventillness.
Stay19active:playingsports,gardening&doinghousework.
Ⅲ.Waysofdoingexercise.
· Chooseaproperform.
Onethatyouenjoyandthatyoucanstickwith.
· Exerciseintherightway.
Startexercisingslowlyandincreasetheamountofexercise20stepbystep.
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）.
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）.
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketthedesert.
A.covering B.covered C.cover D.tocover
答案是A。
21.Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnotfromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.
A.beingtired B.tiring C.tired D.tobetired【C】
22．MostAmericanswouldprefertokeeptheirproblemsthemselves,andsolvetheirproblems______themselves.
A.to;by B.by;to C.for;to D.in;on【A】
23．Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.
A.wouldopen B.opened C.hadopened D.wastoopen【D】
24．Icanbeateacher.I’mnotaverypatientperson.
A.seldom B.ever C.never D.always【C】
25．Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.
A.living;wondering B.lived;wondering
C.lived;wondered D.living;wondered【A】
26．IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.
A.which B.ofwhich C.that D.whose【D】
27．Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?TheweatherreportandIwanttolisten.
A.isbroadcast B.isbeingbroadcast
C.hasbeenbroadcast D.hadbeenbroadcast【B】
28．Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.
A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever【C】
29.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.
A.reusing B.reused C.reuses D.tobereused【D】
30. —It’stheoffice!Soyouknoweatingisnotallowedhere.
—Oh,sorry.
A.must B.will C.may D.need【A】
31.Pleasedomeafavor—______myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.
A.toinvite B.inviting C.invite D.invited【C】
32.YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,?
A.couldyou B.couldn’tI C.couldn’twe D.couldwe【D】
33.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents______toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.
A.are B.is C.have D.be【B】
34.______thepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.
A.Although B.Aslongas C.Ifonly D.Assoonas【A】
35.—Thefoodhereisniceenough.
—Myfriend______mearightplace.
A.introduces B.introduced C.hadintroduced D.wasintroducing
【B】
第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第36至第55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
“It’snouse,Mum,”saidJohnny.“I’mjustnogoodatdancing.”
“You’vegottokeeptrying.Tonightwillbe36,dear.TryaturnwiththatprettyLisette.”
Johnny37.EverySaturdaynightusedtobethebestoftheweek.Heandhisparentswenttothe38attheClub,wherehishero,Alcide,playedtheaccordion(手风琴)withtheband.Butlatelyeverythinghadchanged.NowthatJohnnywasolder,hewas39todancewithagirl!
40JohnnyandhisparentsarrivedattheClub,musichadalreadystarted.Johnnygotuphis41toapproachLisette.“MayIhavethisdance?”Johnnyasked.“That’sallright,”saidLisette.JohnnystruggledtokeepupwithLisette’s42steps,buthewasalwaysonebeatbehindher.ThenJohnnyheardhisfriendPierresay,“Look!Johnnyhastwoleftfeet!”43burstfromthecrowd.Johnny44andranoutside,determinednevertogotoanotherdance.
ThenextSaturday,Alcide45toJohnny’shouseforsomepotatoes.HehappenedtohearJohnnyplayingtheaccordion.Alcide’seyes46.“Bringthataccordionandplaysomesongstonight,”Alcidesaid.Thenhedroveoff,leavingJohnnystaringopen-mouthed47him.
AttheClub,JohnnyscannedthecrowdforLisetteand48her.ThebandplayedforalongtimebeforeAlcidesaid,“Dearfriends,Igota49foryoutonight.YoungJohnnyisgoingtojoinus!”50,Johnnysteppedupontheplatform,hiseyesonthefloor.Hebegantoplay,andtheband51behindhim.Whenthesongended,heheardcheers.Johnnykeptplayinguntilthedancewas52.“Youdidafinejobtonight.PlaywithusagainnextSaturdaynight,”Alcidesaid.“Yes,sir!”saidJohnny.53hewentoutside,JohnnysawLisetteandherfriendsnearthedoor.Lisettestepped54,smiling.“Youplayedreallygoodtonight!”shesaid.
“Thankyou,”Johnnyblushed(脸红).Ashewalkedon,Pierre55movedoutofthewayforhimtopass.
Johnnypattedhisaccordion.Cometothinkofit,inhiswholelife,hehadneveronceseenAlcideoutonthedancefloor.
36.A.difficult B.troublesome C.different D.terrible【C】
37.A.answered B.sighed C.smiled D.laughed【B】
38.A.platform B.appointment C.meeting D.dance【D】
39.A.expected B.invited C.allowed D.chosen【A】
40.A.If B.Since C.Though D.When【D】
41.A.spirits B.feelings C.courage D.strength【C】
42.A.smooth B.clumsy C.slow D.small【A】
43.A.Shouts B.Laughter C.Applause D.Cheers【B】
44.A.brokeaway B.wentout C.brokeup D.turnedout【A】
45.A.ran B.walked C.drove D.cycled【C】
46.A.opened B.rolled C.sharpened D.widened【D】
47.A.off B.with C.after D.for【C】
48.A.caught B.searched C.sought D.spotted【D】
49.A.surprise B.puzzle C.story D.joke【A】
50.A.Struggling B.Trembling C.Wandering D.Whispering【B】
51.A.gotround B.joinedin C.turnedaround D.showedoff【B】
52.A.in B.out C.over D.on【C】
53.A.As B.Because C.Until D.So【A】
54.A.backward B.forward C.onward D.downward【B】
55.A.still B.even C.ever D.almost【B】
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节选择题（共17小题；每小题2分，满分34分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
EddieMcKay,aonce-forgottenpilot,isasubjectofgreatinteresttoagroupofhistorystudentsinCanada.
ItallstartedwhenGrahamBroad,aprofessorattheUniversityofWesternOntario,foundMcKay’snameinafootnoteinabookaboutuniversityhistory.McKaywasincludedinalistofuniversityalumni(校友)whohadservedduringtheFirstWorldWar,buthisnamewasunfamiliartoBroad,aspecialistinmilitaryhistory.Outofcuriosity,Broadspenthoursatthelocalarchives(档案馆)inafruitlesssearchforinformationonMcKay.Tiredanddiscouraged,hefinallygaveup.Onhiswayout,Broad’sglancehappenedtofallonanexhibitingcaseshowingsomeoldnewspapers.Hiseyewasdrawntoanoldpictureofayoungmaninarugbyuniform.Ashereadthewordsbesidethepicture,heexperiencedathrillingrealization.“Afterlookingforhimallday,therehewas,staringupatmeoutoftheexhibitingcase,”saidBroad.Excitedbythefind,Broadaskedhisstudentstocontinuehissearch.Theycombedoldnewspapersandothermaterialsforclues.Gradually,apicturecameintoview.
CaptainAlfredEdwinMcKayjoinedtheBritishRoyalFlyingCorpsin1916.Hedownedtenenemyplanes,outlivedhisentiresquadron(中队)asaWWIflyer,spentsometimeasaflyinginstructorinEngland,thenreturnedtothefront,wherehewaseventuallyshotdownoverBelgiumandkilledinDecember1917.Butthere’smoretohisstory.“Forabrieftimein1916hewasprobablythemostfamouspilotintheworld,”saysBroad.“HewascreditedwithdowningOswaldBoelcke,themostfamousGermanpilotatthetime.”Yet,inaletterhome,McKayrefusedtotakecredit,sayingthatBoelckehadactuallycrashedintoanotherGermanplane.
McKay’swarrecordsweredestroyedduringaWorldWarIIairbombingonLondon—anexplanationforwhyhewasallbutforgotten.
Butnow,thankstotheeffortsofBroadandhisstudents,amarkerinMcKay’smemorywasplacedontheuniversitygroundsinNovember2007.“IfoundmyeyesfillingwithtearsasIreadtheword‘deceased’(阵亡)nexttohisname,”saidCoreyEverrett,astudentwhofoundapictureofMckayinhisuniform.“Thiswassuchasimpleexampleofthefactthathehadbeenastudentjustlikeus,butinsteadoffinishinghistimeatWestern,hechosetofightanddieforhiscountry.”
56. WhatmadeProfessorBroadcontinuehissearchformoreinformationonMcKay?
A.AuniformofMcKay. B.AfootnoteaboutMcKay.
C.AbookonMcKay. D.ApictureofMcKay.【D】
57. WhatdidthestudentsfindoutaboutMcKay?
A.Hetrainedpilotsforsometime.
B.Helivedlongerthanotherpilots.
C.HediedintheSecondWorldWar.
D.HewasdownedbythepilotBoelcke.【A】
58. McKay’sflyingdocumentsweredestroyedin.
A.Belgium B.Germany C.Canada D.England【D】
59. WecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatMcKay.
A.preferredfighttohisstudy
B.wenttowarbeforegraduation
C.leftapictureforCoreyEverrett
D.setanexampleforhisfellowstudents【B】
60. Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Theresearchintowarhistory.
B.Thefindingofaforgottenhero.
C.Thepilotsofthetwoworldwars.
D.Theimportanceofmilitarystudies.【B】
B
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61.HowlongdoesittakethebatterytochargeupaniPhone?
A.15minutes. B.30minutes. C.1.5hours. D.3hours.【A】
62.Whatisspecialaboutthebattery?
A.ItisbuiltinaniPhone.
B.Itisthesmallestofitskind.
C.Itcanalsobeusedasacharger.
D.Itkeepspowerforabout30days.【C】
63.Whomentionsthetransportingofthebattery?
A.P.S. B.B.L. C.M.C. D.T.K.【C】
64.Thecustomercommentsonthebatteryaremainlyaboutits_______.
A.quality B.service C.function D.shopping【B】
C
Peoplediettolookmoreattractive.Fishdiettoavoidbeingbeatenup,thrownoutoftheirsocialgroup,andgettingeatenasaresult.ThatisthefascinatingconclusionofthelatestresearchintofishbehaviorbyateamofAustralianscientists.
Theresearchteamhavediscoveredthatsubordinatefishvoluntarilydiettoavoidchallengingtheirlargercompetitors.“Instudyinggobieswenoticedthatonlythelargesttwoindividuals,amaleandfemale,hadbreeding(繁殖)rightswithinthegroup,”explainsMarianWong.“Allothergroupmembersarenonbreedingfemales,eachbeing5-10%smallerthanitsnextlargestcompetitor.Wewantedtofindouthowtheymaintainthisprecisesizeseparation.”
Thereasonforthesizedifferencewaseasytosee.Onceasubordinatefishgrowstowithin5-10%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor,itcausesafightwhichusuallyendsinthesmallergobybeingdrivenawayfromthegroup.Moreoftenthannot,theevictedfishistheneatenup.
Itappearedthatthesmallerfishwerekeepingthemselvessmallinordertoavoidchallengingthebossfish.Whethertheydidsovoluntarily,byrestraininghowmuchtheyate,wasnotclear.Theresearchteamdecidedtodoanexperiment.Theytriedtofattenupsomeofthesubordinategobiestoseewhathappened.Totheirsurprise,thegobiessimplyrefusedtheextrafoodtheywereoffered,clearlypreferringtoremainsmallandavoidfights,overhavingafeast.
Thediscoverychallengesthetraditionalscientificviewofhowbossindividualskeeptheirpositioninagroup.Previouslyitwasthoughtthatlargeindividualssimplyusedtheirweightandsizetothreatentheirsubordinatesandtakemoreofthefoodforthemselves,sokeepingtheircompetitorssmall.
Whilethehabitsofgobiesmayseemalittlemysterious,Dr.Wongexplainsthatunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweenbossandsubordinateanimalsisimportanttounderstandinghowhierarchical(等级的)societiesremainstable.
Theresearchhasprovedthefactthatvoluntarydietingisahabitfarfromexclusivetohumans.“Asyet,welackacompleteunderstandingofhowwidespreadthevoluntaryreductionoffoodintakeisinnature,”theresearcherscomment.“Dataonhumandietingsuggeststhat,whilehumansgenerallydiettoimprovehealthorincreaseattractiveness,rarelydoesitimprovelong-termhealthandmalesregularlypreferfemalesthatarefatterthanthefemales’ownideal.”
65.Whenagobygrowstowithin5-10%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor,it.
A.facesdanger B.hasbreedingrights
C.eatsitscompetitor D.leavesthegroupitself【A】
66.Theunderlinedwords“theevictedfish”inParagraph3referto.
A.thefishbeatenup B.thefishfoundout
C.thefishfattenedup D.thefishdrivenaway【D】
67.Theexperimentshowedthatthesmallerfish.
A.foughtoverafeast B.wentondietwillingly
C.preferredsomeextrafood D.challengedthebossfish【B】
68.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Fishdietingandhumandieting.
B.Dietingandhealth.
C.Humandieting.
D.Fishdieting.【D】
D
AndrewRitchie,inventoroftheBromptonfoldingbicycle,oncesaidthattheperfectportablebikewouldbe“likeamagiccarpet…Youcouldfolditupandputitintoyourpocketorhandbag”.Thenhepaused:“Butyou’llalwaysbelimitedbythesizeofthewheels.Andsofarnoonehasinventedafoldingwheel.”
Itwasarare—indeedunique—occasionwhenIwasabletoputRitchieright.A19th-centuryinventor,WilliamHenryJamesGrout,didinfactdesignafoldingwheel.Hisbike,predictablynamedtheGroutPortable,hadaframethatsplitintotwoandalargerwheelthatcouldbeseparatedintofourpieces.AllthebitsfittedintoGrout’sWonderfulBag,aleathercase.
Grout’saim:tosolvetheproblemsofcarryingabikeonatrain.Nowdoesn’tthatsoundfamiliar?Groutintendedtofindawayofmakingabikesmallenoughfortraintravel:hisbikewasahugebeast.Andimportantly,thedesignofearlybicyclesgavehimanadvantage:inGrout’sday,tyresweresolid,whichmadethebusinessofsplittingawheelintofourseparatepartsrelativelysimple.Youcouldn’tdothesamewithawheelfittedwithaone-pieceinflated(充气的)tyre.
So,ina21st-centurycontext,istheideaofthefoldingwheeldead?Itisnot.ABritishdesignengineer,DuncanFitzsimons,hasdevelopedawheelthatcanbesquashedintosomethinglikeaslenderellipse(椭圆).Throughout,thetyreremainsinflated.
WilltheyoungFitzsimons’sfoldingwheelmakeitintoproduction?Ihaven’tthefoggiestidea.Buthisinventivenessshowstwothings.First,peoplehavebeensayingformorethanacenturythatbikedesignhasreacheditslimit,exceptforgradualadvances.It’sassillyaconceptnowasitwas100yearsago:there’splentystilltogofor.Second,itisinthefieldoffoldingbikesthatweareseeingthemostinterestinginventions.Youcanbuyafoldingbikeforlessthan£1,000thatcanbeknockeddownsosmallthatitcanbecarriedonaplane—minuswheels,ofcourse—ashandbaggage.
Foldingwheelswouldmakeallmannerofthingspossible.HaveweyetgotthemagiccarpetofAndrewRitchie’simagination?No.Butit’sprogress.
69.WecaninferfromParagraph1thattheBromptonfoldingbike.
A.wasportable
B.hadafoldingwheel
C.couldbeputinapocket
D.lookedlikeamagiccarpet【A】
70.WecanlearnfromthetextthatthewheelsoftheGroutPortable.
A.weredifficulttoseparate
B.couldbesplitinto6pieces
C.werefittedwithsolidtyres
D.werehardtocarryonatrain【C】
71.WecanlearnfromthetextthatFitzsimons’sinvention.
A.keptthetyreasawholepiece
B.wasmadeintoproductionsoon
C.leftlittleroomforimprovement
D.changedourviewsonbagdesign【A】
72.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Threefoldingbikeinventors
B.Themakingofafoldingbike
C.Progressinfoldingbikedesign
D.Waysofseparatingabikewheel【C】
第二节简答题（共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分）
阅读下面短文，根据第73至第75小题的具体要求，简要回答问题，并将答案转写到答题卡上。
Alongtimeago,MiltonS.Hershey,thecreatorofthepopularchocolatebars,wasdippedinwarmchocolate.Iknowallaboutit.Mygrandfatherwasthere!
Atnineteen,HersheyestablishedacandybusinessinPhiladelphia.Althoughitfailed,hetriedagaininseveralothercitiesandsucceededwithCrystalACaramels.ButHersheywasnotcontent.Hebeganexperimentingwithchocolateandmanagedtosellhisfirstchocolatebarsin1900.Theywereaninstantsuccess.In1903,Hersheybuiltafactory.
Hersheywasusuallypleasantandkindandenjoyedagoodjoke.However,inhischocolatefactory,heheldhighstandardsforalltheworkers.Hewasbothrespectedandfeared.Hisangerwouldburstoutwhenthingsdidn’tgoashe’dexpected,andworkerswerefiredformistakes.
Mygrandfatherbeganworkinginthefactoryasayoungman.Hisjobwastopushthevats(大桶)ofwarmchocolatetoastoragearea.Todothis,hehadtopushtheheavyvatsuparamp(斜坡)andacrossthewalkway.Oneday,Hersheywaswalkingbackwardonthewalkwaywhilemygrandfatherwaspushingavatofchocolateuptheramp.Bump.Clunk.Ker-plop!Hersheyfellbackwardintothevat.Everyoneelseheldtheirbreathandranuptopullhimout.Grandfatherfrozeinfear.Washegoingtolosehisjob?
Hersheystoodstifflywithhishandsonhiships.Colorroseinhisface.Hesaidsomethinginalowvoice.Thenhesmiled.“It’snotyourfault,son,”hesaid.“IneedtowatchwhereI’mgoing.”Heputsomechocolateinhismouth.“Mmm,that’sgood,”hesaid.Everyonelaughed.Thetourcontinued,withHersheydrippingchocolateashewent.AndGrandfatherkepthisjob.
73.WhatdidGrandfatherdoinHershey’sfactory?（回答词数不超过12个）
Hepushedthevatsofwarmchocolatetoastoragearea.
74.Whydidn’tHersheyfireGrandfather?（回答词数不超过10个）
Becauseherealizeditwashisownfault.
BecauseherealizeditwasnotGrandfather’sfault/mistake.
75.WhatdoestheincidentshowusaboutHershey?（回答词数不超过15个）
(Itshowsusthat)Hersheywaspleasant,humorous,kind(toothers)andreallyrespectable.
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分35分）
第一节填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第76至第85小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语，并将答案转写到答题卡上。
注意：每空不超过3个单词。
Whatiseco-fashion?Eco-fashionisacomplexphenomenonandthecommonuseofthetermcoverstwoaspectsoffashion—‘ecological’and‘ethical’(伦理的).Ecologicalfashionusuallyreferstotextile(织物)andclothingproductionprocessesandtheenvironmentalissues(议题)surroundingthem;ethicalfashiongenerallyrelatestotheworkingconditionsinvolvedintheproducingprocesses.
Whataretheproblemswithfashion?Firstly,theproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentheavily.Cotton-plantingusespesticides;sheep-farmingandwool-cleaningcontributetoglobalwarming;synthetics-making(人造纤维生产)bringsaboutharmfulwaste.Secondly,everystageofclothingproductionhasasignificanteffectontheenvironment.Theyalluseagreatdealofenergy,andsomealsoinvolveharmfulchemicals.Inadditiontothis,thereisalotofwasteproducedintheprocess,especiallyintheformofpollutedwater.Thirdly,growingconsumptionlevelsandourshoppinghabitsfurtherworsenthebadeffects.Wearenowbuyingclothesinincreasingquantitieswithoutrealizingthescaleonwhichitaffectsnaturalenvironment,andwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwornonlyacoupleoftimes.
Then,howtosolvetheproblems?Toalargedegree,itisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuture.Therearenumerouswaysinwhichtheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprint,fromswitchingtogreenenergyandreducingenergyuse,throughselectingsustainable(可持续使用的)materialsandchoosinglocalsuppliers,torecycleandminimizewaste.Ontheotherhand,asconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducingclothingconsumption.
Nowmanypeoplearebeginningtoshopfororganicfoodproductsbecausethebenefitsofeatingfoodfreeofchemicalsarestraightforwardandimmediate.Theyrelatedirectlytoourpersonalhealth.Infact,choosingeco-fashioncanalsocontributetoourpersonalhealth,thoughitismostlydonebywayofkeepingthehealthoftheplanet.
| Whychooseeco-fashion? | ||
| 76Aspects/Twoaspectsoffashion | Ecological | Textile&clothingproductionprocesses |
| Relatedenvironmentalissues | ||
| Ethical | 77Workingconditionsinvolved | |
|
78Problems withfashion |
Textileproduction | Cotton-planting:useofpesticides |
| 79Sheep-farmingandwool-cleaning:globalwarming | ||
| Synthetics-making:harmfulwaste | ||
|
80 Clothingproduction |
Consumingagreatdealofenergy | |
| Usingharmfulchemicals | ||
| Producingalotofwaste | ||
| Consumptionlevels&shoppinghabits | Newclothes:bought81inincreasingquantities | |
| Oldclothes:thrownawayquickly | ||
|
82Solutions toproblems |
Fashionproducers |
Waysto83recycleandminimizewaste: lSwitchingtogreenenergy lReducingenergyuse lSelectingsustainablematerials lChoosinglocalsuppliers |
| 84Consumers | Selectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothing | |
| 85Reducingclothingconsumption | ||
| Choosingeco-fashioncancontributetoourpersonalhealth. | ||
假设你是某中学新老师李红，请给你的朋友张华写一封信，告诉他你第一天上课的情况，主要内容如下：
1.描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情；
2.介绍你处理该事的方式；
3.谈谈你的感想。
注意：
1.词数不少于120个；
2.可适当发挥想象，增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息。
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